Lingaliro laukhondo pochapa zovala, makamaka m'malo akuluakulu monga mahotela, ndilofunika kwambiri. Pofuna kukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba yaukhondo ndikusunga bwino, mapangidwe a makina ochapira mumphangayo asintha kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'derali ndi kapangidwe kake kotsukira. Mosiyana ndi kamangidwe ka "single inlet and single outlet", kutsuka kwamadzi kumapereka maubwino angapo, makamaka pakusunga madzi ndi mphamvu.
Kumvetsetsa Single-Inlet ndi Single-outlet Design
Mapangidwe a single-inlet ndi single-outlet ndi owongoka. Chipinda chilichonse chochapira mu makina ochapira ngalande chimakhala ndi polowera komanso potulutsira madzi. Ngakhale kuti njirayi imatsimikizira kuti chipinda chilichonse chimalandira madzi abwino, chimachititsa kuti madzi azimwa kwambiri. Poganizira kuchuluka kwa kukhazikika, kapangidwe kameneka sikamakondedwa chifukwa cha kusagwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi. M’dziko limene kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe kakhala kofunika kwambiri, kamangidwe kameneka kakulephera kukwaniritsa mfundo zamakono.
Kuyambitsacounter-flowMapangidwe Ochapira
counter-flow rinsing imayimira njira yapamwamba kwambiri. M'kapangidwe kameneka, madzi oyera oyera amalowetsedwa pa chipinda chomaliza chotsuka ndikuyenda kupita ku chipinda choyamba, chotsutsana ndi kayendedwe ka nsalu. Njirayi imakulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi abwino komanso kuchepetsa zinyalala. Kwenikweni, nsaluyo ikapita patsogolo, imakumana ndi madzi oyera pang'onopang'ono, kuonetsetsa kutsuka bwino komanso ukhondo wambiri.
BwanjiCkutuluka kunjaKuchapira Ntchito
Mu makina ochapira a chipinda cha 16, momwe zipinda 11 mpaka 14 zimapangidwira kuti azitsuka, kutsuka kwazitsulo kumaphatikizapo kulowetsa madzi oyera mu chipinda 14 ndikuwatulutsa kuchokera ku chipinda cha 11. mphamvu ya ndondomeko. Komabe, mkati mwa gawo la kutsukira kwa madzi, pali mapangidwe awiri oyambira: kuzungulira kwamkati ndi kuzungulira kwakunja.
Maonekedwe Ozungulira M'kati
Kuzungulira kwamkati kumaphatikizapo kubowola makoma a chipindacho kuti madzi aziyenda mkati mwa zipinda zitatu kapena zinayi zochapira. Ngakhale kuti kamangidwe kameneka kakufuna kuthandizira kusuntha kwa madzi ndikuwongolera kutsuka, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa madzi ochokera m'zipinda zosiyanasiyana kusakanikirana panthawi ya makina ochapira. Kusakaniza kumeneku kungathe kuchepetsa ukhondo wa madzi otsuka, kuchepetsa kwambiri kutsukidwa konse. Chifukwa chake, mapangidwewa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "pseudo-counter-flow rinsing structure" chifukwa cha malire ake pakusunga madzi oyera.
Kapangidwe ka Kuzungulira Kwakunja
Kumbali ina, mawonekedwe ozungulira kunja amapereka yankho lothandiza kwambiri. M'mapangidwe awa, payipi yakunja imalumikiza pansi pa chipinda chilichonse chochapira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi akanikizidwe kuchokera kuchipinda chomaliza chochapira kupita mmwamba kudutsa chipinda chilichonse. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti madzi a m’chipinda chilichonse chochapira akhalebe aukhondo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi auve asabwererenso m’zipinda zoyeretsera. Poonetsetsa kuti nsalu yopita patsogolo imangolumikizana ndi madzi oyera, kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi khalidwe lapamwamba lochapira komanso ukhondo wonse wa kuchapa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ozungulira akunja amafunikira mawonekedwe achipinda chachiwiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chipinda chilichonse chochapira chimagawidwa m'zigawo ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe zimafuna ma valve ndi zigawo zambiri. Ngakhale kuti izi zimawonjezera mtengo wathunthu, zopindulitsa pazaukhondo ndi zogwira mtima zimalungamitsa ndalamazo. Mapangidwe a zipinda ziwiri amagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri kuti asunge kukhulupirika kwa njira yotsuka yotsukira, kuonetsetsa kuti nsalu iliyonse imatsukidwa bwino ndi madzi oyera.
Kuthana ndi Foam ndi Zinyalala Zoyandama
Pakutsuka, kugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira kumatulutsa thovu ndi zinyalala zoyandama. Ngati zinthuzi sizinachotsedwe msanga, zitha kusokoneza kuchapa komanso kufupikitsa moyo wa bafuta. Kuti izi zitheke, zipinda ziwiri zoyambirira zochapira ziyenera kukhala ndi mabowo osefukira. Ntchito yaikulu ya mabowo osefukirawa sikuti amangotulutsa madzi ochulukirapo komanso kuchotsa thovu ndi zinyalala zoyandama zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kumenyedwa mobwerezabwereza kwa bafuta mkati mwa ng'oma.
Kukhalapo kwa mabowo osefukira kumapangitsa kuti madzi otsuka azikhala opanda zowononga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yotsuka ikhale yogwira mtima. Komabe, ngati mapangidwewo sali odzaza ndi zipinda ziwiri, kukhazikitsa njira ya kusefukira kumakhala kovuta, kusokoneza khalidwe la rinsing. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka chipinda chapawiri, kuphatikiza mabowo osefukira, ndikofunikira kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino zotsuka.
Mapeto
Pomaliza, makina ochapira opopera akuyimira kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pamapangidwe a makina ochapira, kuthana ndi malire a kamangidwe kamene kamalowa kamodzi kokha komanso kamangidwe kake. Powonjezera mphamvu ya madzi ndikuonetsetsa kuti madzi akucha bwino kwambiri, makina otsukira otsekemera amagwirizana ndi kutsindika kwamakono pa kukhazikika ndi ukhondo. Pakati pa mapangidwe awiri oyambira, mawonekedwe ozungulira akunja amawonekera bwino pakusunga madzi oyera komanso kupewa kubwereranso, potero kuwonetsetsa kuti kutsukidwa kwapamwamba.
Pamene ntchito zochapira zikupitilira kusinthika, kutengera mapangidwe apamwamba monga momwe ma rinsing amadzimadzi amafunikira. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu monga mapangidwe a zipinda ziwiri ndi mabowo osefukira kumapangitsanso kuti ntchito yotsuka ikhale yogwira mtima, kuonetsetsa kuti zovalazo zimakhala zoyera komanso zosamalidwa bwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-17-2024