2024 Texcare International ku Frankfurt ndi nsanja yofunika kwambiri yolankhulirana ndi mafakitale mumakampani ochapira zovala. Ukhondo wa nsalu, monga nkhani yofunika kwambiri, idakambidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri aku Europe. Mu gawo la zamankhwala, ukhondo wa nsalu zachipatala ndi wofunikira kwambiri, womwe umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuwongolera matenda okhudzana ndi matendawa m'zipatala komanso thanzi ndi chitetezo cha odwala.
Miyezo Yosiyanasiyana
Pali miyezo yosiyanasiyana yotsogolera chithandizo cha nsalu zachipatala m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Miyezo iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti titsimikizire kuti ukhondo wansalu zachipatala.
❑ China
Ku China, WS/T 508-2016Malamulo otsuka ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'zipatalaimafotokoza momveka bwino zofunikira pakutsuka ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'zipatala.
❑ USA
Ku United States, miyezo yomwe bungwe la Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) lapanga imakhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito zovala za opaleshoni, matawulo opangira opaleshoni, ndi nsalu zina zachipatala, kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuyeretsa, kusungira, ndi mayendedwe. Kutsindika kumayikidwa pa kupewa kuipitsidwa ndi zinthu zina ndikuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ndi otetezeka. Malangizo angapo oletsa matenda m'malo azaumoyo afalitsidwanso ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ku US kuti apereke malangizo okhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito nsalu zachipatala.
❑ Ku Ulaya
Nsalu - Nsalu zotsukidwa zovala - Dongosolo lowongolera kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe lofalitsidwa ndi European Union limafotokoza zofunikira zaukhondo pakugwira mitundu yonse ya nsalu. Chitsogozo cha Zipangizo Zamankhwala (MDD) ndi magawo a miyezo yogwirizanitsa zimagwiranso ntchito pochizansalu zokhudzana ndi zachipatala.
Komabe, kusamba ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikukwanira chifukwa nsalu zikatha kutsukidwa zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda, monga kukhudzidwa ndi mpweya woipa, ngolo yoipitsidwa, manja osayera a ogwira ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira pakusonkhanitsa nsalu zachipatala mpaka kutulutsa nsalu zachipatala, mfundo zazikulu zotsatirazi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti nsalu zachipatala zikukwaniritsa miyezo ya ukhondo wa zachipatala.
Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri Zotsimikizira Miyezo Yaukhondo Wachipatala
❑ Kulekana
Malo a nsalu zoyera ndi malo oipitsidwa ayenera kulekanitsidwa mosamala. Mwachitsanzo, nsalu zonse zoyera ziyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino poyerekeza ndi malo oipitsidwa nthawi iliyonse. (Chitseko chimakhala chotseguka kapena chotsekedwa). Pantchito, nsalu kapena ngolo zoipitsidwa siziyenera kukhudza nsalu kapena ngolo zoyera. Gawo logawanika liyenera kumangidwa kuti nsalu zodetsedwa zisakhudze nsalu zoyera. Kuphatikiza apo, miyezo yokhwima yopangira iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti antchito sayenera kulowa m'malo oyera kuchokera pamalo oipitsidwa mpaka atayeretsedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
❑ Kupha Matenda Okhudza Ogwira Ntchito
Kuyeretsa manja ndi manja kwa ogwira ntchito n'kofunika kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito ku Queen Mary Hospital ku Hong Kong sanasamale kwambiri kutsuka manja awo, choncho ngozi ya matenda inachitika chifukwa cha matenda. Ngati ogwira ntchito asamba manja awo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsukira manja ya masitepe 6, ndiye kuti nsalu yoyerayo idzakhala yodetsedwa zomwe zingawononge thanzi la odwala ndi antchito ena. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti ogwira ntchito onse aphunzire za ukhondo wa manja ndikuyika malo otsukira manja ndi sopo wotsukira manja. Izi zingathandize kuti ogwira ntchito azitha kudziyeretsa okha akamatuluka m'malo odetsedwa kapena kulowa m'malo oyera.
❑ Kuyeretsa Malo Ogwirira Ntchito
Magawo onse amalo ochapira zovalaziyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse motsatira miyezo, kuphatikizapo mpweya wabwino, kuyeretsa pamwamba, ndi kusunga zolemba. Kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa nsalu kungapereke malo abwino kwa antchito ndi nsalu.
❑ Kupha Matenda a M'ngalawa Yozungulira
Pambuyo poyeretsa, magalimoto, ngolo, ziwiya, zivindikiro, zophimba, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo asanagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Komanso, zolemba ziyenera kusungidwa bwino.
❑ Chitetezo cha Nsalu Panthawi Yoyendera
Payenera kukhala mfundo ndi njira zowonetsetsa kuti nsalu zoyera zikunyamulidwa bwino. Magalimoto onyamula nsalu zoyera ayenera kutsukidwa ndi kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo asanagwiritsidwe ntchito ndipo ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi zophimba zoyera. Anthu ogwira nsalu zoyera ayenera kukhala aukhondo m'manja. Malo omwe nsalu zoyera zimayikidwapo ayeneranso kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi zonse.
❑ Kuwongolera Kuyenda kwa Mpweya
Ngati zinthu zilola, kayendetsedwe ka mpweya kayenera kuchitika kuti azitha kuyendetsa mpweya kuchokera pamalo odetsedwa kupita kumalo oyera. Kapangidwe ka njira yoyendetsera mpweya kayenera kupangitsa malo oyera kukhala ndi mphamvu yabwino komanso malo odetsedwa kukhala ndi mphamvu yoipa kuti mpweya utuluke kuchokera pamalo oyera kupita kumalo odetsedwa.
Chinsinsi Chowongolera Muyezo Waukhondo Wotsuka Nsalu Zachipatala: Njira Yoyenera Yotsukira
❑ Kusanja
Anthu ayenera kugawa nsalu yachipatala molingana ndi mtundu, dothi, komanso ngati ili ndi kachilomboka, kupewa kusakaniza zinthu zolemera ndi dothi lopepuka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsukira dothi lolemera pochiza zinthu zopepuka. Kuphatikiza apo, ogwira ntchito yosamalira nsalu yachipatala ayenera kusamala ndi chitetezo chaumwini, kupewa kukhudzana ndi madzi amthupi a wodwalayo, komanso kuyang'ana nthawi yake zinthu zakunja ndi zinthu zakuthwa zomwe zili mu nsaluyo.
❑ Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Anthu ayenera kutsuka ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mosamala malinga ndi zofunikira pa magulu a nsalu zachipatala. Komanso, payenera kukhala njira yapadera yoyeretsera nsalu zomwe zaipitsidwa ndi mankhwala oopsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zovala zomwe zatsukidwa, kuchuluka kwa madzi pagawo lililonse, kutentha ndi nthawi yoyeretsera, komanso kuchuluka kwa sopo kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutsuka ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumachitika.
❑ Kuuma
Kuumitsa kumadalira zinthu zitatu: nthawi, kutentha ndi kugwa kuti zitsimikizire kutizowumitsiraUmitsani nsalu zachipatala pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwino. "Ts" zitatuzi (nthawi, kutentha, kugwa) sizofunikira kokha pakuumitsa, komanso gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa mabakiteriya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi spores. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsalu zachipatala iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana owumitsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti nthawi yozizira imakhala yokwanira.
❑ Kusita ndi Kupinda
Pamaso pakusitaNjira yogwiritsira ntchito, nsalu zachipatala ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Nsalu zosayenerera ziyenera kubwezeretsedwa kuti zitsukidwenso. Nsalu zowonongeka ziyenera kukwapulidwa kapena kukonzedwa monga momwe zalembedwera.kupindika, antchito ayenera kuchita ukhondo wa manja ndi kuyeretsa matenda pasadakhale.
❑ Phukusi ndi Kusungirako Kwakanthawi
Ponyamula, kutentha kwa nsalu yachipatala kuyenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi kutentha kwa malo ozungulira, ndipo malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi njira zopewera tizilombo komanso mapulani oteteza kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino komanso wouma.
Mapeto
Kaya ndi fakitale yotsukira zovala zachipatala ya chipani chachitatu kapena chipinda chotsukira zovala m'chipatala, zofunikira izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku kuti zitsimikizire kuti thanzi la nsalu zachipatala lili bwino.
CLMMakina ochapira zovala m'mafakitale, owumitsa, makina ochapira zovala m'misewu, ndi ma ironing ndi mafoda omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pomaliza ntchito amapambana kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukhondo wa nsalu zachipatala. Amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso moyenera kuti amalize kutsuka nsalu zachipatala, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi ntchito zina. Nthawi yomweyo, gulu lautumiki la CLM lili ndi chidziwitso chambiri, limatha kupatsa makasitomala kukonzekera mwanzeru komanso kapangidwe ka kutsuka zovala zachipatala, ndipo ndi mnzawo wodalirika pantchito yotsuka zovala zachipatala.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-09-2024